Joo, K. et al. High performance package-level EMI shielding of Ag epoxy composites with spray method for high frequency FCBGA package application. In Proc. 2018 IEEE 20th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC) 674–680 (IEEE, 2018).
Erickson, S. & Sakaguchi, M. Application of package-level high-performance EMI shield material with a novel nozzleless spray coating technology. In Proc. 2020 IEEE 70th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) 1691–1696 (IEEE, 2020).
Zwenger, C. Enabling the 5G RF front-end module evolution with the DSMBGA package. Chip Scale Rev. 25, 26–33 (2021).
Zhang, X., Zhang, B. & Sun, R. Effective conformal EMI shielding coating for SiP modules with multi-shaped nano-Ag fillers. In Proc. 2022 23rd International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT) 1–4 (IEEE, 2022).
Chung, D. D. L. Materials for electromagnetic interference shielding. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 9, 350–354 (2000).
Google Scholar
Peng, M. & Qin, F. Clarification of basic concepts for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. J. Appl. Phys. 130, 225108 (2021).
Google Scholar
Isari, A. A., Ghaffarkhah, A., Hashemi, S. A., Wuttke, S. & Arjmand, M. Structural design for EMI shielding: from underlying mechanisms to common pitfalls. Adv. Mater. 36, 2310683 (2024).
Google Scholar
Ji, K., Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Chen, J. & Dai, Z. Fabrication and electromagnetic interference shielding performance of open-cell foam of a Cu–Ni alloy integrated with CNTs. Appl. Surf. Sci. 311, 351–356 (2014).
Google Scholar
Lee, S. H. et al. Density-tunable lightweight polymer composites with dual-functional ability of efficient EMI shielding and heat dissipation. Nanoscale 9, 13432–13440 (2017).
Google Scholar
Wu, S. et al. Robust and stable Cu nanowire@graphene core–shell aerogels for ultraeffective electromagnetic interference shielding. Small 14, 1800634 (2018).
Google Scholar
Zeng, Z. et al. Flexible and ultrathin waterproof cellular membranes based on high-conjunction metal-wrapped polymer nanofibers for electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Mater. 32, 1908496 (2020).
Google Scholar
Choi, H. K. et al. Hierarchical porous film with layer-by-layer assembly of 2D copper nanosheets for ultimate electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Nano 15, 829–839 (2021).
Google Scholar
Liu, J. et al. Hydrophobic, flexible, and lightweight MXene foams for high-performance electromagnetic-interference shielding. Adv. Mater. 29, 1702367 (2017).
Google Scholar
Zhou, Z. et al. Ultrathin MXene/calcium alginate aerogel film for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 6, 1802040 (2019).
Google Scholar
Han, M. et al. Anisotropic MXene aerogels with a mechanically tunable ratio of electromagnetic wave reflection to absorption. Adv. Opt. Mater. 7, 1900267 (2019).
Google Scholar
Iqbal, A. et al. Anomalous absorption of electromagnetic waves by 2D transition metal carbonitride Ti3CNTx (MXene). Science 369, 446–450 (2020).
Google Scholar
Cheng, Y. et al. Hierarchically porous polyimide/Ti3C2Tx film with stable electromagnetic interference shielding after resisting harsh conditions. Sci. Adv. 7, eabj1663 (2021).
Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. et al. Strong and conductive reduced graphene oxide-MXene porous films for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Nano Res. 15, 4916–4924 (2022).
Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Ruan, K., Zhou, K. & Gu, J. Controlled distributed Ti3C2Tx hollow microspheres on thermally conductive polyimide composite films for excellent electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Mater. 35, 2211642 (2023).
Google Scholar
Jiang, Y. et al. Wireless, closed-loop, smart bandage with integrated sensors and stimulators for advanced wound care and accelerated healing. Nat. Biotechnol. 41, 652–662 (2023).
Google Scholar
Yoo, J.-Y. et al. Wireless broadband acousto-mechanical sensing system for continuous physiological monitoring. Nat. Med. 29, 3137–3148 (2023).
Google Scholar
Sakuma, K. et al. CMOS-compatible wearable sensors fabricated using controlled spalling. IEEE Sens. J. 19, 7868–7874 (2019).
Google Scholar
Gebrael, T. et al. High-efficiency cooling via the monolithic integration of copper on electronic devices. Nat. Electron. 5, 394–402 (2022).
Google Scholar
Salvatore, G. A. et al. Wafer-scale design of lightweight and transparent electronics that wraps around hairs. Nat. Commun. 5, 2982 (2014).
Google Scholar
Das Sharma, D. & Mahajan, R. V. Advanced packaging of chiplets for future computing needs. Nat. Electron. 7, 425–427 (2024).
Google Scholar
Schmitz, J. Low temperature thin films for next-generation microelectronics (invited). Surf. Coat. Technol. 343, 83–88 (2018).
Google Scholar
Yun, T. et al. Electromagnetic shielding of monolayer MXene assemblies. Adv. Mater. 32, 1906769 (2020).
Google Scholar
Simon, R. M. EMI shielding through conductive plastics. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 17, 1–10 (1981).
Google Scholar
Das, N. C. et al. Single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites for electromagnetic interference shielding. Polym. Eng. Sci. 49, 1627–1634 (2009).
Google Scholar
Han, M. et al. Beyond Ti3C2Tx: MXenes for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS Nano 14, 5008–5016 (2020).
Google Scholar
Xing, Y. et al. Multilayer ultrathin MXene@AgNW@MoS2 composite film for high-efficiency electromagnetic shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15, 5787–5797 (2023).
Google Scholar
Iqbal, A., Sambyal, P. & Koo, C. M. 2D MXenes for electromagnetic shielding: a review. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 2000883 (2020).
Google Scholar
Song, W.-L. et al. Facile fabrication of ultrathin graphene papers for effective electromagnetic shielding. J Mater Chem C Mater 2, 5057–5064 (2014).
Google Scholar
Song, P. et al. Frequency-adjustable electromagnetic interference shielding performance of sandwich-structured conductive polymer composites by selective foaming and tunable filler dispersion. Compos. Commun. 34, 101264 (2022).
Google Scholar
Calister, W. D. Jr & Rethwisch, D. G. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 10th edn (Wiley, 2018).
Liu, J. & Nicolosi, V. Electrically insulating electromagnetic interference shielding materials: a perspective. Adv. Funct. Mater. 35, 2407439 (2025).
Google Scholar
Shahzad, F. et al. Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes). Science 353, 1137–1140 (2016).
Google Scholar
Fei, Y. et al. Recent progress in TiO2-based microwave absorption materials. Nanoscale 15, 12193–12211 (2023).
Google Scholar
Wang, J. et al. Heterojunction engineering and ideal factor optimization toward efficient MINP perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 11, 2102724 (2021).
Google Scholar
Hong, J. et al. Electromagnetic shielding of optically-transparent and electrically-insulating ionic solutions. Chem. Eng. J. 438, 135564 (2022).
Google Scholar
Liu, J., Yu, M.-Y., Yu, Z.-Z. & Nicolosi, V. Design and advanced manufacturing of electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Mater. Today 66, 245–272 (2023).
Google Scholar
Yeon, H.-W. et al. Cu diffusion-driven dynamic modulation of the electrical properties of amorphous oxide semiconductors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1700336 (2017).
Google Scholar
Kaloyeros, A. E. & Eisenbraun, E. Ultrathin diffusion barriers/liners for gigascale copper metallization. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 30, 363–385 (2000).
Google Scholar
Zaed, M. A. et al. Cost analysis of MXene for low-cost production, and pinpointing of its economic footprint. Open Ceram. 17, 100526 (2024).
Google Scholar
Alhabeb, M. et al. Guidelines for synthesis and processing of two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene). Chem. Mater. 29, 7633–7644 (2017).
Google Scholar
Guisbiers, G. & José-Yacaman, M. in Enclyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry (ed. Wandelt, K.) 875–885 (Elsevier, 2018).
Tokuda, K., Ogino, T., Kotera, M. & Nishino, T. Simple method for lowering poly(methyl methacrylate) surface energy with fluorination. Polym. J. 47, 66–70 (2015).
Google Scholar
Yeon, H. et al. Long-term reliable physical health monitoring by sweat pore–inspired perforated electronic skins. Sci. Adv. 7, eabg8459 (2021).
Google Scholar
Davuluri, P. & Chen, C. Radio frequency interference due to USB3 connector radiation. In Proc. 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility 632–635 (IEEE, 2013).
