Primary school-age children who question their gender could be allowed to use different pronouns under long-awaited government guidance on the subject.
The guidance, billed as moving away from a culture-war approach to the subject, has some notablechanges compared with a draft produced in 2023 under the Conservatives, which said that primary-aged children “should not have different pronouns to their sex-based pronouns used about them”.
The latest draft, which applies to England and is open for consultation, sets out that school staff members should not adopt social transitioning markers such as a new name or different pronouns unilaterally, and that this should be agreed by the school or college based on proper procedures, including parental involvement and clinical advice.
It also stresses the need for caution on social transitioning for younger children, saying it is expected to happen very rarely in primary schools.
The Department for Education (DfE) said in a statement that guidance included the findings of the 2024 review into gender transitioning and children led by Dr Hilary Cass. It also follows last year’s supreme court ruling about gender, which set out the necessity of single-sex spaces.
The guidance will be statutory, meaning schools have to abide by it. It has been welcomed by some education union leaders, and the education secretary, Bridget Phillipson, said the aim was to provide pragmatic advice and not use the issue as a “political football”.
Teachers will be expected to respond to social transition requests “with caution”, but children’s wellbeing should be paramount, meaning there was a need for flexibility.
Parents should be notified about such requests, unless there is a particular safeguarding risk, and schools should seek clinical advice where possible, the guidance says.
It says it is “not for schools and colleges to initiate any action” over gender questioning, and that the advice focuses solely on circumstances where a child or their parent raises the issue.
“In the vast majority of cases we would expect the school or college to work with parents to determine what is in the best interests of the child as well as considering any clinical evidence or advice,” it says.
“Schools and colleges should consider everything that could be affecting a child, including whether they have any wider health issues or neurodiversity.”
Among several references to the Cass review, it says schools and colleges should be “particularly conscious of safeguarding concerns relating to primary-aged children”, citing evidence in the review that children who socially transition before puberty are more likely to do so medically than those who transition later.
The advice, which will be reviewed annually, says schools should not have mixed toilet facilities or mixed sleeping arrangements on trips beyond the age of eight, and “no child should be made to feel unsafe through inappropriate mixed-sex sport”.
It notes the implications of this for socially transitioning students, saying schools and colleges should “sensitively explain” that they will not have access to toilets, changing rooms or residential accommodation designated for the opposite sex.
In a statement released by the DfE, Phillipson said: “Parents send their children to school and college trusting that they’ll be protected. Teachers work tirelessly to keep them safe. That’s not negotiable, and it’s not a political football.
“That’s why we’re following the evidence, including Dr Hilary Cass’s expert review, to give teachers the clarity they need to ensure the safeguarding and wellbeing of gender-questioning children and young people.
“This is about pragmatic support for teachers, reassurance for parents and, above all, the safety and wellbeing of children and young people.”
The general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, Pepe Di’Iasio, said that in the absence of guidance, schools and colleges had found their own solutions “amid an often polarised public debate”.
“We have long called for clear, pragmatic and well-evidenced national guidance to support them in this area and we are pleased to have reached this point,” he said.
The general secretary of the school leaders’ union NAHT, Paul Whiteman, said: “We welcome the publication of this guidance for consultation, as there is a clear need for greater clarity about how schools should manage this sensitive issue and support their pupils.”
Laura Trott, the Conservatives’ shadow education secretary, condemned the release of the guidance just before a Commons recess, saying this was “to avoid detailed scrutiny”.
She said: “Whilst it’s welcome that schools now have long-overdue clarity, this guidance clearly weakens the role of parents in decisions relating to their own children.
“Primary schoolchildren should not be navigating changes in pronouns at all. But shockingly Labour’s guidance opens the door to children as young as four being referred to in a way that does not reflect their biological sex.”
