Heavy consumption of energy drinks may raise the risk of heart disease and pose a serious risk of stroke, doctors have warned.
Millions of people worldwide regularly drink the products, which are non-alcoholic and typically contain more than 150mg of caffeine per litre, very high glucose-based sugar content and varying quantities of other chemicals.
Doctors in Nottingham, England, sounded the alarm after an otherwise fit and healthy man in his 50s had a stroke and was left with permanent numbness in his hands and feet. On questioning, he said he drank an average of eight energy drinks a day.
The case, reported in the medical journal BMJ Case Reports, also prompted doctors to call for tighter regulation of sales and advertising of energy drinks.
On admission to hospital, the patient’s blood pressure was 254/150mmHg, which doctors said was extremely high. He was given drugs to lower his blood pressure.
But once back home, his blood pressure rose again and remained persistently high, despite the ramping up of his drug treatment.
On further investigation, doctors discovered the extent of his use of energy drinks, totalling 1,200mg of caffeine a day. The recommended maximum intake is 400mg.
He was asked to give up his daily habit, after which his blood pressure returned to normal. Blood pressure lowering drugs were no longer needed.
“It was therefore thought to be likely that the patient’s consumption of highly potent energy drinks was, at least in part, a contributive factor to his secondary hypertension (high blood pressure) and in turn his stroke,” the doctors wrote in BMJ Case Reports.
However, he did not fully recover. Speaking anonymously, he said: “I obviously wasn’t aware of the dangers drinking energy drinks were causing to myself. [I] have been left with numbness [in my] left-hand side hand and fingers, foot and toes even after eight years.”
The doctors said: “There is regular publicity about health effects of alcohol and smoking, but little about the increasingly prevalent modifiable lifestyle trend of energy drink (ED) consumption.”
They added: “As our case and discussion illustrate, it is possible that both acute and chronic intake of EDs may increase CVD (cardiovascular disease) and stroke risk, and importantly, this may be reversible.
“While the current evidence is not conclusive, given the accumulating literature, the high morbidity and mortality associated with stroke and CVD and the well-documented adverse health effects of high-sugar drinks, we propose that increased regulation of ED sales and advertising campaigns (which are often targeted at younger ages) could be beneficial to the future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular health of our society.
“Additionally, healthcare professionals should consider specific questioning related to ED consumption in young patients presenting with stroke or unexplained hypertension.”
