{"id":41715,"date":"2026-01-15T07:56:58","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T07:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/?p=41715"},"modified":"2026-01-15T07:56:58","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T07:56:58","slug":"sub-zero-celsius-elastocaloric-cooling-via-low-transition-temperature-alloys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/?p=41715","title":{"rendered":"Sub-zero Celsius elastocaloric cooling via low-transition-temperature alloys"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n<\/p>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"1.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Abas, N. et al. Natural and synthetic refrigerants, global warming: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 90, 557\u2013569 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"2.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Garimella, S. et al. Realistic pathways to decarbonization of building energy systems. Joule 6, 956\u2013971 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"3.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Esper, J. et al. 2023 summer warmth unparalleled over the past 2,000 years. Nature 631, 94\u201397 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"4.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Cui, J. et al. Demonstration of high efficiency elastocaloric cooling with large \u0394T using NiTi wires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 073904 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"5.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Li, L. et al. Cooling innovations: elastocaloric shape memory alloys, manufacturing, simulation, and refrigerator. Prog. Mater. Sci. 153, 101477 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"6.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Cui, J. Early efforts on elastocaloric cooling (2002 to 2014). Shape Mem. Superelasticity 10, 80\u201388 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"7.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Tusek, J. et al. A regenerative elastocaloric heat pump. Nat. Energy 1, 16134 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"8.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Ahcin, Z. et al. High-performance cooling and heat pumping based on fatigue-resistant elastocaloric effect in compression. Joule 6, 2338\u20132357 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"9.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Zhou, G. et al. A multi-material cascade elastocaloric cooling device for large temperature lift. Nat. Energy 9, 862\u2013870 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"10.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Qian, S. et al. High-performance multimode elastocaloric cooling system. Science 380, 722\u2013727 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"11.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Li, X. et al. High-frequency bending-actuated elastocaloric cooler with enhanced cooling performance. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 6, 102669 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"12.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Dall\u2019Olio, S. et al. Development of a tube-based elastocaloric regenerator loaded in compression: a review. Shape Mem. Superelasticity 10, 99\u2013118 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"13.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Xu, J. et al. SMA film-based elastocaloric cooling devices. Shape Mem. Superelasticity 10, 119\u2013133 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"14.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Manosa, L. &amp; Planes, A. Solid-state cooling by stress: a perspective. Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 050501 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"15.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Bruederlin, F. et al. SMA foil-based elastocaloric cooling: from material behavior to device engineering. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 50, 424003 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"16.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Kawarada, Y. et al. Abnormal grain growth of 68Cu\u201316Al\u201316Zn alloys for elastocaloric cooling via cyclical heat treatments. J. Phys. Energy 5, 024012 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"17.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Qian, S. et al. Elastocaloric effect in CuAlZn and CuAlMn shape memory alloys under compression. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 374, 20150309 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"18.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Franco, V. et al. Magnetocaloric effect: from materials research to refrigeration devices. Prog. Mater. Sci. 93, 112\u2013232 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"19.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Hou, H. et al. Materials, physics and systems for multicaloric cooling. Nat. Rev. Mater. 7, 633\u2013652 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"20.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Hilliard, B. et al. Magnetocaloric effect in Gd1-xCexNi (x = 0-0.6): a cost-effective approach to tuning Curie temperature from 70 K to 30 K. J. Alloys Compd. 989, 174186 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"21.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Archipley, C. et al. Methane liquefaction with an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator. Cryogenics 128, 103588 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"22.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Kabirifar, P. et al. From the elastocaloric effect towards an efficient thermodynamic cycle. J. Phys. Energy 4, 044009 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"23.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">N\u2019Tsoukpoe, K. et al. A review on the use of calcium chloride in applied thermal engineering. Appl. Therm. Eng. 75, 513\u2013531 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"24.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Wang, K. et al. A 3D-printed full-soft regenerative elastocaloric cooler. Energy Convers. Manag. 336, 119811 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"25.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Liu, Y. et al. Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of a novel elastocaloric air conditioning system. Appl. Therm. Eng. 274, 126643 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"26.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Zhou, G. et al. Giant temperature span and cooling power in elastocaloric regenerator. Joule 7, 2003\u20132015 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"27.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Hartquist, C. et al. An elastomer with ultrahigh strain-induced crystallization. Sci. Adv. 9, eadj0411 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"28.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Zhang, J. et al. Highly efficient grooved NiTi tube refrigerants for compressive elastocaloric cooling. Appl. Therm. Eng. 228, 120439 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"29.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Chen, Y. et al. A compact elastocaloric refrigerator. The Innovation 3, 100205 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"30.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Greibich, F. et al. Elastocaloric heat pump with specific cooling power of 20.9 W g\u22121 exploiting snap-through instability and strain-induced crystallization. Nat. Energy 6, 260\u2013267 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"31.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Snodgrass, R. &amp; Erickson, D. A multistage elastocaloric refrigerator and heat pump with 28 K temperature span. Sci. Rep. 9, 18532 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"32.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Engelbrecht, K. et al. A regenerative elastocaloric device: experimental results. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 50, 424006 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"33.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Ossmer, H. et al. Energy-efficient miniature-scale heat pumping based on shape memory alloys. Smart Mater. Struct. 25, 085037 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"34.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Schmidt, M. et al. Scientific test setup for investigation of shape memory alloy based elastocaloric cooling processes. Int. J. Refrig 54, 88\u201397 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"35.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Zhang, K. et al. Interactions among phase transition, heat transfer and austenite plasticity in cyclic compression of NiTi shape memory alloys: effect of loading frequency. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 191, 105782 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"36.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Zimmermann, D. et al. Modeling moist air effects and shape memory alloys in elastocaloric devices. Front. Mater. 12, 1559800 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"37.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Hua, P. et al. Nanocomposite NiTi shape memory alloy with high strength and fatigue resistance. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 409\u2013413 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"38.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Lin, H. et al. Grain boundary and dislocation strengthening of nanocrystalline NiTi for stable elastocaloric cooling. Scr. Mater. 226, 115227 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"39.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Xu, B. et al. Enhanced cyclic stability of NiTi shape memory alloy elastocaloric materials with Ni4Ti3 nanoprecipitates: experiment and phase field modeling. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 196, 106011 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"40.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Ren, S. et al. Corrosion testing of metals in contact with calcium chloride hexahydrate used for thermal energy storage. Mater. Corros. 68, 1046\u20131056 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"41.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">ASTM International. G46-94. Standard guide for examination and evaluation of pitting corrosion. iTeh https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/G0046-94R05 (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"42.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Wang, J. et al. Machine-assisted quantification of droplet boiling upon multiple solid materials. Nano Energy 125, 109560 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"43.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Zhu, Y. et al. A numerical study of elastocaloric regenerators of tubular structures. Appl. Energy 339, 120990 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"44.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Yao, S. et al. Efficient roller-driven elastocaloric refrigerator. Nat. Commun. 15, 7203 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"45.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Ritchie H. Sector by sector: where do global greenhouse gas emissions come from? Our World in Data https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/ghg-emissions-by-sector (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"46.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Velders, G. et al. Projections of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions and the resulting global warming based on recent trends in observed abundances and current policies. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 22, 6087\u20136101 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"47.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">UNEP Ozone Secretariat. Fact Sheet 2. Overview of HFC Market Sectors. UN Environment Programme https:\/\/ozone.unep.org\/sites\/ozone\/files\/Meeting_Documents\/HFCs\/FS_2_Overview_of_HFC_Markets_Oct_2015.pdf (2015).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"48.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Zhou, G. et al. Achieving kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling by a multi-cell architecture. Nature 639, 87\u201392 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<br \/>\n    ADS\u00a0<br \/>\n    PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"49.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Cirillo, L. et al. 2D thermo-fluidynamic rotary model of an elastocaloric cooling device: the energy performances. Energy Convers. Manag. X 23, 100635 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">\n                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"50.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Wang, K. et al. Numerical study of enhanced cooling in active elastocaloric regenerators with porous woven structures. Appl. Energy 395, 126180 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"51.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Xu, J. Exceeding the kilowatt threshold. Nat. Energy 10, 1187\u20131188 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\">Article\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>                    Google Scholar\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abas, N. et al. Natural and synthetic refrigerants, global warming: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 90, 557\u2013569 (2018). Article\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0 Garimella, S. et al. Realistic pathways to decarbonization of building energy systems. Joule 6, 956\u2013971 (2022). Article\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0 Esper, J. et al. 2023 summer warmth unparalleled over the past 2,000 years. Nature<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41716,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[22166,22163,8077,22164,22165,22162],"class_list":{"0":"post-41715","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science","8":"tag-alloys","9":"tag-celsius","10":"tag-cooling","11":"tag-elastocaloric","12":"tag-lowtransitiontemperature","13":"tag-subzero"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41715"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41715\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/41716"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41715"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41715"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}