{"id":38950,"date":"2025-12-24T16:58:05","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T16:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/?p=38950"},"modified":"2025-12-24T16:58:05","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T16:58:05","slug":"december-global-regulatory-brief-risk-capital-and-financial-stability-insights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/?p=38950","title":{"rendered":"December Global Regulatory Brief: Risk, capital and financial stability | Insights"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n<\/p>\n<h2>APRA finalises changes to phase out Additional Tier 1 capital instruments<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has finalised<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> consequential amendments to its bank prudential framework to phase out Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital instruments \u2013 also known as hybrid bonds \u2013 as eligible regulatory capital.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Background<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On 21 September 2023, APRA had released a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">discussion paper<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the challenges of using AT1 capital instruments in a potential bank stress scenario in an Australian context. This came after the Council of Financial Regulators (CFR) had <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">flagged<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that \u2018international experience has highlighted the importance of crisis management tools, including Additional Tier 1 capital operating as intended and guarantee schemes being able to provide depositors timely access to funds\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On 10 September 2024, APRA released a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">discussion paper<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that outlined potential amendments to APRA\u2019s prudential framework to ensure that the capital strength of the Australian banking system operates more effectively in stress. This included proposing to replace bank-issued AT1 capital instruments with more reliable and effective forms of regulatory capital.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In December of last year, APRA had <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">confirmed<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> its decision to phase out AT1. That was accompanied by a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">letter<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> whose purpose it was to confirm APRA\u2019s approach, minimise uncertainty, and to support an orderly transition. Among others, APRA made clear that it would further consider the impact of the removal of AT1 on other prudential requirements and determine whether any amendments should be proposed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On 8 July of this year, APRA had released <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a consultation paper<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on implementing APRA\u2019s decision to phase out AT1 capital instruments. The paper also proposed consequential amendments to APRA\u2019s prudential and reporting frameworks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, APRA confirmed that existing AT1 will be phased out gradually to ensure an orderly transition and limit any immediate impacts on issuers or investors. APRA expects all AT1 issued by banks to be phased out by 2032.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There will be no changes to the existing legal terms, including subordination, of these outstanding instruments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The regulator also made the accompanying changes to its prudential framework to facilitate the transition, including a reduction of the minimum leverage ratio requirement from 3.5 to 3.25%, measured on a Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital basis, in order to avoid consequential tightening of the minimum leverage ratio. The new prudential standards and guidance will come into effect on 1 January 2027. APRA expects banks to be compliant with the updated reporting requirements for the March 2027 quarter reporting period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The anticipated benefits of the phasing out of AT1 are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">improved stabilization in a crisis and reduced contagion risk. International experience has shown that AT1 capital does not fulfil a stabilizing function in a crisis due to the complexities of using it and the risk of causing contagion;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">enhanced proportionality by lowering the cost of capital for smaller banks relative to larger banks; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reduced compliance costs for banks by simplifying the framework and removing a capital instrument that can impose additional design, marketing and issuance costs, particularly for small banks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">APRA will allow banks to replace AT1 predominantly with cheaper and more reliable forms of capital that would absorb losses more effectively in times of stress.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>UAE enacts new AML law<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UAE has <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issued<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a new AML\/CTF law, replacing the 2018 framework, and introducing significant updates to the UAE\u2019s legal framework on AML\/CFT and proliferation financing. It aligns the UAE\u2019s laws more closely with Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards and addresses identified gaps in risk-based supervision, enforcement powers, and virtual asset regulation. The law strengthens institutional coordination, clarifies liability for legal persons, and enhances the capacity for both domestic and international cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Key points and proposals<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Broader Definitions: Expanded definitions of money laundering, predicate offences (including tax crimes), and proliferation financing (Art. 2\u20133).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal Person Liability: Legal persons are now directly liable for AML\/CFT offences committed in their name or interest (Art. 4, 27).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Virtual Assets: Explicit coverage of virtual assets and service providers, including reporting and licensing requirements (Art. 1, 19\u201320, 30).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beneficial Ownership: Strengthened transparency and disclosure obligations for beneficial owners, including criminal penalties for non-compliance (Art. 19, 35).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expanded Enforcement Powers: The Financial Intelligence Unit and law enforcement are granted enhanced powers for freezing, seizure, and undercover operations (Art. 5\u20139).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative Penalties: Supervisory authorities can impose fines up to AED 5 million per violation, with revocation of licenses for repeat or serious breaches (Art. 17).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Cooperation: Provisions facilitate rapid exchange of information and recognition of foreign confiscation orders (Art. 21\u201322).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Implications and next steps<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The law entered into force two weeks after its publication (i.e. mid-October 2025). Executive Regulations will follow via Cabinet resolution to clarify implementation details. Businesses\u2014especially financial institutions, DNFBPs, and virtual asset service providers\u2014must prepare for stricter supervision, enhanced due diligence obligations, and proactive reporting requirements. Legal entities should update internal controls and compliance programs to align with the new law.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>The NZFMA updates insider trading guidance<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The FMA issues a revised educational information sheet on insider trading<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">revised sheet<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> replaces a previous report dated August 2025 and seeks to support stronger practice on insider trading across the investment industry, following industry engagement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Further details<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In its mid-year <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial Conduct Report<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the FMA had signalled its concerns regarding insider trading, following a steady increase in insider trading referrals from NZ RegCo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">information sheet<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> outlines the view of the FMA on how the statutory prohibitions against insider trading under the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 may apply to situations where a person trades in a listed issuer (B) while in possession of non-public information relating to another listed issuer (A) \u2013 a practice sometimes referred to as \u2018shadow insider trading\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It replaces a previous report dated August 2025 titled \u2018Shadow Insider Trading: Regulatory expectations and emerging conduct risk\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stated Louise Unger, Executive Director for Response and Enforcement:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThis information sheet is informed by industry feedback on the FMA\u2019s approach following inquiries made by the FMA earlier in the year into the trading conduct of two institutional investors. The FMA decided to take an educative approach, rather than an intervention, to clarify for industry how the insider trading prohibitions may apply in these types of circumstances. We do not want the safeguards around this type of insider trading to deter legitimate market activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The updated November information sheet includes risk mitigation strategies that may help investors manage their risk.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>APRA finalises changes to phase out Additional Tier 1 capital instruments The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) has finalised consequential amendments to its bank prudential framework to phase out Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital instruments \u2013 also known as hybrid bonds \u2013 as eligible regulatory capital. Background On 21 September 2023, APRA had released a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[3044,6685,1790,1123,12239,12300,736,18316],"class_list":{"0":"post-38950","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-business","8":"tag-capital","9":"tag-december","10":"tag-financial","11":"tag-global","12":"tag-insights","13":"tag-regulatory","14":"tag-risk","15":"tag-stability"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38950"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38950\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/38951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}