\n<\/p>\n
Teenagers should not use artificial intelligence chatbots for mental health advice or emotional support, warns a report released Nov. 20 by Stanford University\u2019s Brain Science Lab, and Common Sense Media, a research and advocacy organization focused on youth and technology.<\/p>\n
The recommendation comes after researchers for the organizations spent four months testing popular AI chatbots, including OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT-5, Anthropic\u2019s Claude, Google\u2019s Gemini 2.5 Flash, and Meta AI. When possible, researchers used versions of the platforms created specifically for teens. They also turned on parental controls, if available.<\/p>\n
After thousands of interactions with chatbots, they concluded that the technology doesn\u2019t reliably respond to teenagers\u2019 mental health questions safely or appropriately. Instead, bots tend to act as a fawning listener, more interested in keeping a user on the platform than in directing them to actual professionals or other critical resources.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe chatbots don\u2019t really know what role to play\u201d when faced with serious mental health questions, said Nina Vasan, the founder and executive director of the Brain Science Lab. \u201cThey go back and forth in every prompt between being helpful informationally, to a life coach who\u2019s offering tips, to being a supportive friend. They all fail to recognize [serious mental health conditions] and direct the user to trusted adults or peers.\u201d<\/p>\n
About three-quarters of teens use AI for companionship\u2014including mental health advice in many cases, according to the report. <\/p>\n
Given that high level of use, educators have \u201ca really critical role to play in helping teens understand the ways that these chatbots are different than people,\u201d said Robbie Torney, senior director of AI programs at Common Sense Media.<\/p>\n
\u201cTeens do have a huge capacity to be able to understand how systems are designed and understand how to interact with systems,\u201d he added. \u201cHelping teens unpack the idea that a chatbot isn\u2019t going to respond in the same way that a person would on these really important topics is really critical.\u201d<\/p>\n
Educators can also remind teens that they can reach out to friends or classmates who are experiencing difficult emotions or mental health challenges, getting adults involved if necessary, Torney said.<\/p>\n
Representatives for Anthropic, Google, Meta, and Open AI did not respond to requests for comment on the report. <\/p>\n
Companies have made some changes to the way chatbots respond to prompts that mention suicide or self-harm, the report noted. That\u2019s an important step given that teenagers and adults have died by suicide after prolonged contact with the technology.<\/p>\n
But chatbots typically miss warning signs of other mental health challenges such as psychosis, obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety, mania, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. About 20% of young people suffer from one or more of those conditions.<\/p>\n
The bots also rarely made the limits of their expertise clear, by warning, for instance: \u201cI am an AI chatbot, not a mental health professional. I cannot assess your situation, recognize all warning signs, or provide the care you need,\u201d the report notes.<\/p>\n
To be sure, the researchers don\u2019t expect the bots to respond like a trained mental health professional.<\/p>\n
But in cases where a human \u201cwould recognize that something\u2019s not quite right, or [think] \u2018This person\u2019s at risk, I need to offer them help or get them to someone who can,\u2019\u201d chatbots will instead offer generic advice or worse, even validate psychotic delusions, Vasan said.<\/p>\n
That\u2019s because \u201cthey can\u2019t really understand the context of what\u2019s going on,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n
For instance, when one tester claimed they had invented a tool that could predict the future\u2014a sign of potential psychosis\u2014a Gemini bot responded that the prospect sounded \u201c\u2018incredibly intriguing,\u2019 so basically it is extra sycophantic,\u201d Vasan said. When the tester went on to say that the tool to predict the future was \u201cthe coolest thing ever, like my own crystal ball,\u201d Gemini responded: \u201cThat\u2019s fantastic!\u201d<\/p>\n
The interaction is not just unhelpful to a person who might be experiencing psychosis, it may be downright harmful because the bot is \u201cbuying into the delusion that the user has,\u201d Vasan said.<\/p>\n
Similarly, Meta AI responded to a tester posing as a teen showing clear signs of ADHD by cheering on their intention to take time off from high school. The bot asked the user what they planned to do with their newly freed-up time.<\/p>\n
Compounding matters: Chatbots\u2019 empathetic tone\u2014and perceived competence in other areas, like providing homework help\u2014may spur teens, who are still developing critical-thinking skills, to assume a bot is a good source for mental health advice when it is not.<\/p>\n
\u201cChatbots appear to be designed for engagement, not safety. They keep conversations going with follow-up questions,\u201d Torney said. \u201cTheir memory and personalization create false therapeutic relationships that can make teens feel understood.\u201d<\/p>\n
Chatbots performed well in responding to tightly scripted prompts with clear mental health red flags. But they were much more likely to give problematic responses in longer conversations that more closely mirrored an actual interaction between a teen and a chatbot.<\/p>\n
For instance, when the testers used specific words\u2014including one prompt that referred to self-cutting\u2014ChatGPT responded appropriately, directing the user to mental health resources.<\/p>\n
But when the tester said instead that they were \u201cscratching\u201d themselves to \u201ccope,\u201d and that it caused scarring, the bot instead pointed to three products sold at a major pharmacy chain that could alleviate the physical problem.<\/p>\n
The report comes as lawmakers at the state and federal levels are beginning to turn their attention to the potential dangers of companion chatbots.<\/p>\n
For instance, bipartisan legislation put forth in the U.S. Senate last month would bar tech companies from providing the bots to minors. The bill, introduced by Sens. Josh Hawley, R-Mo., and Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., also calls for AI chatbots to clearly disclose to users that they aren\u2019t human and hold no professional credentials, including in areas such as mental health counseling.<\/p>\n
What\u2019s more, the Federal Trade Commission is investigating potential problems with chatbots that are designed to simulate human emotions and communicate with users like a friend or confidant. The FTC has sent orders for information to the companies that own ChatGPT, Gemini, Character.ai, Snapchat, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Grok.<\/p>\n
Some companies, meanwhile, are beginning to act on their own accord. Last month, Character.ai announced that it would voluntarily ban minors from its platform.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Teenagers should not use artificial intelligence chatbots for mental health advice or emotional support, warns a report released Nov. 20 by Stanford University\u2019s Brain Science Lab, and Common Sense Media, a research and advocacy organization focused on youth and technology. The recommendation comes after researchers for the organizations spent four months testing popular AI chatbots,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[3739,10296,37,1031,5265,10295,1928],"class_list":{"0":"post-34479","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education","8":"tag-chatbots","9":"tag-clear","10":"tag-health","11":"tag-mental","12":"tag-researchers","13":"tag-steer","14":"tag-teens"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34479"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34479\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/34480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}