{"id":28285,"date":"2025-10-15T19:32:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T19:32:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/?p=28285"},"modified":"2025-10-15T19:32:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T19:32:38","slug":"aboveground-biomass-in-australian-tropical-forests-now-a-net-carbon-source","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/?p=28285","title":{"rendered":"Aboveground biomass in Australian tropical forests now a net carbon source"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n<\/p>\n

  • \n

    Pan, Y. et al. The enduring world forest carbon sink. Nature 631, 563\u2013569 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cox, P. M. et al. Sensitivity of tropical carbon to climate change constrained by carbon dioxide variability. Nature 494, 341\u2013344 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Koch, A., Hubau, W. & Lewis, S. L. Earth System Models are not capturing present\u2010day tropical forest carbon dynamics. Earths Future 9, e2020EF001874 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bauman, D. et al. Tropical tree mortality has increased with rising atmospheric water stress. Nature 608, 528\u2013533 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Brienen, R. J. W. et al. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink. Nature 519, 344\u2013348 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gatti, L. V. et al. Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change. Nature 595, 388\u2013393 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hubau, W. et al. Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests. Nature 579, 80\u201387 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Arif, S. & MacNeil, M. A. Applying the structural causal model framework for observational causal inference in ecology. Ecol. Monogr. 93, e1554 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Segura-Garcia, C., Bauman, D., Arruda, V. L. S., Alencar, A. A. C. & Menor, I. O. Human land occupation regulates the effect of the climate on the burned area of the Brazilian Cerrado. Commun. Earth Environ. 5, 361 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pearl, J. Causal inference in statistics: an overview. Stat. Surv. 3, 96\u2013146 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n MathSciNet\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Murphy, H. T., Bradford, M. G., Dalongeville, A., Ford, A. J. & Metcalfe, D. J. No evidence for long-term increases in biomass and stem density in the tropical rain forests of Australia. J. Ecol. 101, 1589\u20131597 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cavaleri, M. A. et al. Tropical rainforest carbon sink declines during El Ni\u00f1o as a result of reduced photosynthesis and increased respiration rates. New Phytol. 216, 136\u2013149 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rifai, S. W. et al. ENSO drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 373, 20170410 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Grossiord, C. et al. Plant responses to rising vapor pressure deficit. New Phytol. 226, 1550\u20131566 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Feldpausch, T. R. et al. Amazon forest response to repeated droughts. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 30, 964\u2013982 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sanchez-Martinez, P. et al. Amazon rainforest adjusts to long-term experimental drought. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 9, 970\u2013979 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Parker, C. L., Bruy\u00e8re, C. L., Mooney, P. A. & Lynch, A. H. The response of land-falling tropical cyclone characteristics to projected climate change in northeast Australia. Clim. Dyn. 51, 3467\u20133485 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lavendar, S. L. & Walsh, K. J. E. Dynamically downscaled simulations of Australian region tropical cyclones in current and future climates. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, 1\u20136 (2011).<\/p>\n

    \n Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ibanez, T. et al. Globally consistent impact of tropical cyclones on the structure of tropical and subtropical forests. J. Ecol. 107, 279\u2013292 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Murphy, H. T., Metcalfe, D. J., Bradford, M. G. & Ford, A. J. Community divergence in a tropical forest following a severe cyclone. Austral Ecol. 39, 696\u2013709 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Murphy, H. T. & Metcalfe, D. J. The perfect storm: Weed invasion and intense storms in tropical forests. Austral Ecol. 41, 864\u2013874 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Brienen, R. J. W. et al. Forest carbon sink neutralized by pervasive growth-lifespan trade-offs. Nat. Commun. 11, 4241 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Montreal Process Implementation Group for Australia and National Forest Inventory Steering Committee. Australia\u2019s State of the Forests Report 2018 (ABARES, 2018).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Feldpausch, T. R. et al. Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass estimates. Biogeosciences 9, 3381\u20133403 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bradford, M. G., Murphy, H. T., Ford, A. J., Hogan, D. L. & J., M. D. in Ecology Vol. 95, 2362 (ESA, 2014).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bauman, D. et al. Tropical tree growth sensitivity to climate is driven by species intrinsic growth rate and leaf traits. Glob. Chang. Biol. 28, 1414\u20131432 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bradford, M. & Murphy, H. T. The importance of large-diameter trees in the wet tropical rainforests of Australia. PLoS One 14, e0208377 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rowland, L. et al. Shock and stabilisation following long-term drought in tropical forest from 15 years of litterfall dynamics. J. Ecol. 106, 1673\u20131682 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Staal, A. et al. Hysteresis of tropical forests in the 21st century. Nat. Commun. 11, 4978 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rifai, S. W. et al. Thirty-eight years of CO2 fertilization has outpaced growing aridity to drive greening of Australian woody ecosystems. Biogeosciences 19, 491\u2013515 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jiang, M. et al. The fate of carbon in a mature forest under carbon dioxide enrichment. Nature 580, 227\u2013231 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cunha, H. F. V. et al. Direct evidence for phosphorus limitation on Amazon forest productivity. Nature 608, 558\u2013562 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jiang, M. et al. Microbial competition for phosphorus limits the CO2 response of a mature forest. Nature 630, 660\u2013665 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Crous, K. Y. et al. Leaf warming in the canopy of mature tropical trees reduced photosynthesis due to downregulation of photosynthetic capacity and reduced stomatal conductance. New Phytol. 245, 1421\u20131436 (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chambers, J. Q., Higuchi, N., Schimel, J. P., Ferreira, L. V. & Melack, J. M. Decomposition and carbon cycling of dead trees in tropical forests of the central Amazon. Oecologia 122, 380\u2013388 (2000).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Walker, W. S. et al. The global potential for increased storage of carbon on land. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2111312119 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Raich, J. W. & Schlesinger, W. H. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus B 44, 81\u201399 (1992).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Viscarra Rossel, R. A., Webster, R., Bui, E. N. & Baldock, J. A. Baseline map of organic carbon in Australian soil to support national carbon accounting and monitoring under climate change. Glob. Chang. Biol. 20, 2953\u20132970 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Nottingham, A. T. et al. Microbial diversity declines in warmed tropical soil and respiration rise exceed predictions as communities adapt. Nat. Microbiol. 7, 1650\u20131660 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sotta, E. D. et al. Effects of an induced drought on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux and soil CO2 production in an Eastern Amazonian rainforest, Brazil. Glob. Chang. Biol. 13, 2218\u20132229 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Luo, Z., Feng, W., Luo, Y., Baldock, J. & Wang, E. Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate, carbon inputs, soil properties and soil carbon fractions. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23, 4430\u20134439 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Smith, M. N. et al. Empirical evidence for resilience of tropical forest photosynthesis in a warmer world. Nat. Plants 6, 1225\u20131230 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Allen, C. D., Breshears, D. D. & McDowell, N. G. On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die\u2010off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene. Ecosphere 6, 1\u201355 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hammond, W. M. et al. Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for Earth\u2019s forests. Nat. Commun. 13, 1761 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Middleby, K. B., Cheesman, A. W. & Cernusak, L. A. Impacts of elevated temperature and vapour pressure deficit on leaf gas exchange and plant growth across six tropical rainforest tree species. New Phytol. 243, 648\u2013661 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Slot, M., Rifai, S. W., Eze, C. E. & Winter, K. The stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit drives the apparent temperature response of photosynthesis in tropical forests. New Phytol. 244, 1238\u20131249 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Duan, H. et al. CO2 and temperature effects on morphological and physiological traits affecting risk of drought-induced mortality. Tree Physiol. 38, 1138\u20131151 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Breshears, D. D. et al. Underappreciated plant vulnerabilities to heat waves. New Phytol. 231, 32\u201339 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Doughty, C. E. et al. Tropical forests are approaching critical temperature thresholds. Nature 621, 105\u2013111 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cunningham, S. C. & Read, J. Foliar temperature tolerance of temperate and tropical evergreen rain forest trees of Australia. Tree Physiol. 26, 1435\u20131443 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Menezes-Silva, P. E. et al. Different ways to die in a changing world: Consequences of climate change for tree species performance and survival through an ecophysiological perspective. Ecol. Evol. 9, 11979\u201311999 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Allen, C. D. et al. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecol. Manage. 259, 660\u2013684 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Teskey, R. et al. Responses of tree species to heat waves and extreme heat events. Plant Cell Environ. 38, 1699\u20131712 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Turton, S. M. Landscape-scale impacts of Cyclone Larry on the forests of northeast Australia, including comparisons with previous cyclones impacting the region between 1858 and 2006. Austral Ecol. 33, 409\u2013416 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Qie, L. et al. Long-term carbon sink in Borneo\u2019s forests halted by drought and vulnerable to edge effects. Nat. Commun. 8, 1966 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ibanez, T. et al. Damage to tropical forests caused by cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics. Glob. Chang. Biol. 30, e17317 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Metcalfe, D. J., Bradford, M. G. & Ford, A. J. Cyclone damage to tropical rain forests: Species- and community-level impacts. Austral Ecol. 33, 432\u2013441 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Connell, J. H. & Green, P. T. Seedling dynamics over thirty-two years in a tropical rain forest tree. Ecology 81, 568\u2013584 (2000).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Berenguer, E. et al. A large-scale field assessment of carbon stocks in human-modified tropical forests. Glob. Chang. Biol. 20, 3713\u20133726 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cummings, D. L., Boone Kauffman, J., Perry, D. A. & Flint Hughes, R. Aboveground biomass and structure of rainforests in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Forest Ecol. Manage. 163, 293\u2013307 (2002).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Malhi, Y. et al. The regional variation of aboveground live biomass in old-growth Amazonian forests. Glob. Chang. Biol. 12, 1107\u20131138 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Djuikouo, M. N. K., Doucet, J.-L., Nguembou, C. K., Lewis, S. L. & Sonk\u00e9, B. Diversity and aboveground biomass in three tropical forest types in the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Afr. J. Ecol. 48, 1053\u20131063 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Glenday, J. Carbon storage and emissions offset potential in an East African tropical rainforest. Forest Ecol. Manage. 235, 72\u201383 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lewis, S. L. et al. Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 368, 20120295 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kotowska, M. M., Leuschner, C., Triadiati, T., Meriem, S. & Hertel, D. Quantifying above- and belowground biomass carbon loss with forest conversion in tropical lowlands of Sumatra (Indonesia). Glob. Chang. Biol. 21, 3620\u20133634 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Katayama, A. et al. Carbon allocation in a Bornean tropical rainforest without dry seasons. J. Plant Res. 126, 505\u2013515 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Slik, J. W. F. et al. Environmental correlates of tree biomass, basal area, wood specific gravity and stem density gradients in Borneo\u2019s tropical forests. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 19, 50\u201360 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Martin, A. R., Doraisami, M. & Thomas, S. C. Global patterns in wood carbon concentration across the world\u2019s trees and forests. Nat. Geosci. 11, 915\u2013920 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Graham, A. E. (ed.) The CSIRO Rainforest Permanent Plots of North Queensland: Site, Structural, Floristic and Edaphic Descriptions (Rainforest CRC, Cairns, 2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Talbot, J. et al. Methods to estimate aboveground wood productivity from long-term forest inventory plots. Forest Ecol. Manage. 320, 30\u201338 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chave, J. et al. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia 145, 87\u201399 (2005).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0
    \n CAS\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ledo, A. et al. Re-evaluation of individual diameter:height allometric models to improve biomass estimation of tropical trees. Ecol. Appl. 26, 2376\u20132382 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hutchinson, M. F., Xu, T., Kesteven, J. L., Marang, I. J. & Evans, B. J. ANUClimate v2.0. NCI Data Catalogue https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25914\/60a10aa56dd1b (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Abatzoglou, J. T., Dobrowski, S. Z., Parks, S. A. & Hegewisch, K. C. TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958-2015. Sci. Data 5, 170191 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0
    \n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dlugokencky, E. J., Mund, J. W., Crotwell, A. M., Crotwell, M. J. & Thoning, K. W. NOAA Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network Flask-Air Sample Measurements of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, H2, SF6 and isotopic ratios at Global and Regional Background Sites, 1997-2020, Version: 2021-07-30 (ed. NOAA GML Carbon Cycle Cooperative Global Air Sampling Network) (GML, 2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Arag\u00e3o, L. E. O. C. et al. Spatial patterns and fire response of recent Amazonian droughts. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L07701 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wood, S. N. Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models. J. R. Stat. Soc. 73, 3\u201336 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n MathSciNet\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cinelli, C., Forney, A. & Pearl, J. A crash course in good and bad controls. Sociol. Meth. Res. 53, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00491241221099552 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Adams, H. D. et al. A multi-species synthesis of physiological mechanisms in drought-induced tree mortality. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1, 1285\u20131291 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dray, S., Legendre, P. & Peres-Neto, P. R. Spatial modelling: a comprehensive framework for principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices (PCNM). Ecol. Model. 196, 483\u2013493 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bauman, D., Drouet, T., Dray, S. & Vleminckx, J. Disentangling good from bad practices in the selection of spatial or phylogenetic eigenvectors. Ecography 41, 1638\u20131649 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dray, S. et al. R package version 0.3-24: adespatial: multivariate multiscale spatial analysis. CRAN https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=adespatial (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bauman, D., Drouet, T., Fortin, M. J. & Dray, S. Optimizing the choice of a spatial weighting matrix in eigenvector\u2010based methods. Ecology 99, 2159\u20132166 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Anderson, M. J. & Legendre, P. An empirical comparison of permutation methods for tests of partial regression coefficients in a linear model. J. Stat. Comput. Simul. 62, 271\u2013303 (1999).<\/p>\n

    Article\u00a0
    \n MathSciNet\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    McElreath, R. Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and STAN 2nd edn (Chapman and Hall, 2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lenth, R. R package v.1.10: emmeans: estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. CRAN https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=emmeans (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/ (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pan, Y. et al. The enduring world forest carbon sink. Nature 631, 563\u2013569 (2024). Article\u00a0 ADS\u00a0 CAS\u00a0 PubMed\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0 Cox, P. M. et al. Sensitivity of tropical carbon to climate change constrained by carbon dioxide variability. Nature 494, 341\u2013344 (2013). Article\u00a0 ADS\u00a0 CAS\u00a0 PubMed\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0 Koch, A., Hubau, W. & Lewis, S. L.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28286,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[16817,2059,15081,2521,998,3036,2653,8131],"class_list":{"0":"post-28285","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science","8":"tag-aboveground","9":"tag-australian","10":"tag-biomass","11":"tag-carbon","12":"tag-forests","13":"tag-net","14":"tag-source","15":"tag-tropical"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28285"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28285\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/naijaglobalnews.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}